Sand fly speciesStudy localities (Coverage areas)SexTotalVNANVNCAVNCOVNJCVNJEVNJLVNLAVNMAVNMCVNNYVNPIVNRBVNSMVNSAVNSVCAVNSVCUVNVN1VNVN2♂♀cortelezzii complex10260141-19 (0.78)19 (0.78)Evandromyia cortelezzii (1.15)9 (0.37)37 (1.52)Ev. Lenti00100100-2 (0.08)2 (0.08)Ev.
Sallessi005000304 (0.16)12 (0.49)16 (0.66)Evandromyia sp.000000000-15 (0.62)15 (0.62)Lutzomyia longipalpis958201919 (79.07)394 ( (95.30)Lu. Cavernicola00100000-1 (0.04)1 (0.04)Lutzomyia sp.006100108 (0.33)5 (0.21)13 (0.54)Micropygomyia schreiberi000001001 (0.04)-1 (0.04)Nyssomyia whitmani103001006 (0.25)3 (0.12)9 (0.37)Sciopemyia sordellii00000000-1 (0.04)1 (0.04)Total6 (81.01)461 ( (100.00).
: seasonal variation of sand flies and climate parameters of total precipitation, relative humidity and mean temperature in Venda Nova Sanitary District from August 2011 to July 2013.The seasonal pattern of occurrence of Lu. Longipalpis varied remarkably between years and among the coverage areas. In the first year of sampling (August 2011 to July 2012), Lu. Longipalpis had the highest abundance and VNSM was the locality with the highest relative abundance with 71.53% of the specimens collected. The total collection curve for this time period was largely determined by specimens collected from VNSM and VNJE, which accounted for 11.53% of the total specimens collected.
In the second year of sampling VNSA was the coverage area with the highest percentage of collected specimens at 68.84%, while VNSM accounted for only 2.12% (, ).The species accumulation curve analysis for Venda Nova SD reached saturation at the 19th sampling event with only eight species. These data, combined with the seasonal pattern, demonstrate the dominance of Lu. Longipalpis in the urban environment. In Venda Nova SD, the species seasonal variation curve was determined by Lu. Longipalpis (, ).
SamplingFirst year1º2º3º4º5º6º7º8º9º10º11º12ºRichness11Species accumulation66Margalef diversity0.180.380.460.370.610.550.480.430.170.220.000.00EquitabilityJ0.150.080.220.140.120.090.250.130.030.080.000.00SamplingSecond year13º14º15º16º17º18º19º20º21º22º23º24ºRichness23Species accumulation88Margalef diversity0.000.870.210.000.200.000.480.000.000.630.360.68EquitabilityJ0.000.580.300.000.170.000.240.000.000.720.340.64. Margalef diversity and Equitability J indices adequately described the sand fly communities in Venda Nova SD. Low species diversity and the marked dominance of Lu. Longipalpis are reflected in the low values for these indices over the sampling period.The distribution of sand flies in the urban environment is unequal with respect to the abundance of specimens collected; a greater number of specimens were collected in areas with more attractive environmental characteristics, as was the case with VNSM.
However, there are some locations with environmental characteristics considered highly attractive but had a low percentage of the total specimens collected, as was the case with VNSVCU. Longipalpis was collected in 15 of the 16 study localities in Venda Nova SD and was the most abundant species in these 15 locations (-).The distribution maps of vector and probable-vector species indicate a concerning epidemiological situation in all coverage areas. Throughout Venda Nova SD and three specific coverage areas (VNSM, VNSA and VNJE) Lu. Longipalpis had a high spatial accumulation. In this analysis, the map of vector occurrence can be used to evaluate the map of occurrence of Lu.
Longipalpis given the high abundance of this species in the SD. : map showing the Venda Nova Sanitary District and the Kernel density analysis of vectors.Leishmania DNA detection in female sand flies - Of the 461 females collected in the Venda Nova SD, 12 had positive amplifications for intergenic region ITS-1. Two samples were also submitted to the SSU-RNA target reaction and had positive results. All positive samples were of Lu. Four of the samples identified the presence of L. Infantum DNA, seven identified L.
Braziliensis DNA, and one sample could only be characterised as belonging to the family Tripanossomatidae, this sample was positive only for ITS-1 reaction. Sand flie speciesAreaPCR-ITS1RFLP - ITS1ITS1 SequencingNested PCR -SSU RNASSU-RNA sequencingLutzomyia longipalpisVNJEpositiveLeishmania braziliensislow qualitynot performednot performedLu. LongipalpisVNJEpositiveundefined profilelow qualitynot performednot performedLu. Braziliensislow qualitynot performednot performedLu.
Braziliensislow qualitynot performednot performedLu. LongipalpisVNJEpositiveundefined profileL. Infantum (ID: 94%, Ref: )not performednot performedLu. LongipalpisVNSMpositiveundefined profilenot performedpositiveComplexo donovani - L.
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Infantum (ID: 99%, Ref: )Lu. Infantum (ID: 100%, Ref: )positivelow qualityLu.
BraziliensisLeishmania sp. (ID: 91%, Ref: )not performednot performedLu.
LongipalpisVNSMpositivenot performedL. Infantum (ID:88%, Ref: )not performednot performedLu. Braziliensis (ID: 85%, Ref: )not performednot performedLu. BraziliensisLeishmania sp. (ID: 93%, Ref: )not performednot performedLu. Braziliensislow qualitynot performednot performed.
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